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Elizabeth Milbank Anderson
Elizabeth Milbank Anderson (1850–1921), philanthropist and advocate for public health and women's education, was the daughter of Jeremiah Milbank (1818–1884), a successful commission merchant, manufacturer and investor, and Elizabeth Lake (1827–1891).〔"Notable American Women 1607-1950 A Biographical Dictionary", Edward T. James, ed., Belknap Press of Harvard University 1971 Vol. I p. 42〕 Anderson established in 1905 one of the first foundations funded by a woman, the Memorial Fund Association (renamed the Milbank Memorial Fund in 1921), with gifts of $9.3 million by the time of her death.〔"The Milbank Memorial Fund: Its Leaders and Its Work" by Clyde V. Kiser, Milbank Memorial Fund, New York 1975. Anderson was assisted in establishing the fund by attorneys Edward W. Sheldon, George Nichols, Howard Townsend, Jr. and Albert G. Milbank and doctor Francis Kinnicutt, who together comprised the fund's first board of trustees〕 Anderson in her lifetime supported a wide range of health and social reform efforts during the Progressive Era, from tuberculosis and diphtheria eradication to relief work for European children following World War I, for which she was made in 1919 a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government.〔Notable American Women Vol I〕
==Advocacy for public health==
Anderson's recorded public health benefactions began with her initial gift in 1891 to Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau's sanatorium for the tubercular at Saranac Lake, New York, where from 1893 until her death she underwrote the operating costs of his laboratory for the investigation of the treatment of tuberculosis.〔"An Autobiography" by Edward Livingston Trudeau, Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Doran and Co. 1944 copyright 1915〕 Anderson's later gifts to improve public health included provision in New York City of a model public bath (1904);〔New York Evening Post June 21, 1902〕 the establishment through the Children's Aid Society of the Chappaqua (NY) Home for Convalescent Children (1909);〔New York Times March 26, 1909〕 the operating funds, with Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, for the Home Hospital for the Tubercular (1912);〔Annual Report New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, 1912, Rare Book and Manuscript Collection, Columbia University〕 and in 1913 the establishment of the Department of Social Welfare at the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (a predecessor of today's Community Service Society of New York).〔New York Times March 21, 1913〕 The latter department funded public school lunches in New York City for 25,000 school children, provided funding for increased school-based medical inspections, supported installation of school drinking water fountains and improved ventilation. It also provided public "comfort stations" (bathrooms), public laundries, and in a tenement section of the city, a Food Supply Store which sold good quality food at cost. The department also performed the groundwork which led to the establishment and funding of community health centers, including the Mulberry Street, Columbus Hill and Judson Health Centers, all in New York City (1918–1921).〔"Confidential Memorandum on the Work of the Department of Social Welfare" 1916 John A. Kingsbury Papers, Library of Congress I-1; Kingsbury to Albert Milbank, Feb. 13, 1919 JAKP, II-38〕 In 1916 Anderson gave $100,000 to Lillian Wald's Henry Street Settlement and joined its board of directors,〔New York Times May 25, 1916〕 and separately became the lead donor to the city's Department of Public Charities' Children's Home Bureau, which outplaced orphans from institutions to families.〔"A Brief Outline for the Children's Home Bureau" JAKP I-2〕 From 1914-1920, Anderson was the largest donor to Clifford Beers's National Committee for Mental Hygiene (today's Mental Health America) where she was particularly concerned for the treatment of returning World War I veterans with "shell-shock."〔Third Convention of Societies for Mental Hygiene, February 4th and 5th, 1920, Lillian Wald Papers, Rare Books And Manuscript Library, Columbia University〕
In the political sphere, Anderson used her influence with New York Senator Elihu Root to help push through passage in 1912 of the bill establishing the United States Children's Bureau (folded into the Federal Service Agency in 1946).〔Lillian Wald to Owen Lovejoy, February 1, 1912, Edith and Grace Abbott Papers, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library〕
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